158 TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 
17. Quércus nigra, L. (BLack Oak oR 
BaRREN Oak.) Leaves large, 5 to 10 in. 
long, thick, wedge-shaped, broadly dilated. 
above, and truncate or slightly 3-lobed at 
the end, bristle-awned, smooth above, rusty- 
downy beneath. Acorn oblong-ovate, 15 to 
34 in. long, in the axils of the leaves of the 
preceding year, one third or one half in- 
closed in the top-shaped, coarse-sealed cup. 
A small tree, 10 to 25 ft. high, with rough, 
very dark-colored bark. New York, south 
and west, in dry, sandy barrens. 
18. Quércus imbricaria, Michx. (Lav- 
REL- OR SHINGLE-OAK. ) Leaves lanceolate- 
oblong, entire, tipped with an abrupt, 
sharp point, pale-downy beneath. Acorn 
globular, % in. long, cup with broad, whit- 
ish, close-pressed scales, covering about is 
one third of the nut. A stout tree, 30 to 
50 ft. high, found in barrens and open 
woodlands. Wood extensively used in Q. imbricaria. 
the West for shingles. New Jersey to Wisconsin, and southward. 
F 1 
19. Quércus Phéllos, L. (WILLow-oak.) 
Leaves 2 to 4 in. long, thick, lineat-lanceo- 
late, narrowed at both ends, entire or very 
nearly so, soon smooth, light green, bristle- 
tipped, willow-like, seurfy when young. 
Acorns about sessile, globular, small (4% in.), 
in a shallow sau- 
cer shaped cup ; 
on the old wood. Tree 30 to 50 ft. high, 
with smooth, thick bark, and reddish, 
coarse-grained wood, of little value. 
Borders of swamps, New Jersey, south 
and west; also cultivated. 
als 
4 
Q. Phéllos. 
20. Quércus Robur, L. (ENGLISH 
Oak.) Leaves on short footstalks, ob- 
long, smooth, dilated upward, sinuately 
lobed, hardly pinnatifid. Acorns in the 
axils of the leaves of the year, ovate-ob- 
long, over 1in., about one third inclosed 
in the hemispherical cup; sessile in var. 
