160 TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 
1. Castanea sativa, Mill. (CHEST- 
nut.) Leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed, 
coarsely serrate, with usually awned teeth; 
smooth on both sides, 6 to 9 in. long, 144 to 
214 in. wide. Burs large, very prickly, in- 
closing 1 to 3 large, ovoid, brown nuts, ripe 
after frost, which opens the bur into 4 
valves. A common large tree, with light, 
coarse-grained wood, and bark having 
coarse longitudinal ridges on the old trees. 
Many varieties of this species are in eul- 
tivation, varying in the size and sweet- 
C. sativa. ness of the nuts, the size of the trees, and 
the size and the margins of the leaves, some of which are almost 
entire. The wild species is var. Americana. 
2. Castanea pumila, Mill. (CHINQUAPIN.) 
Leaves lance-oblong, strongly straight- 
veined, coarsely serrate, usually with 
awned tips; whitish-downy beneath, 3 to 5 
in. long, 1144 to 2in. wide. Bur small, prickly, 
with a single small, rounded, sweet, chest- 
nut-colored nut. A handsome small tree, 
or in the wild state usually a shrub, 6 to 
40 ft. high. Central New Jersey, southern 
Ohio and southward, and cultivated successfully as far north as 
New York City. 
Genus 90. FAGUS. 
Trees with alternate, strongly straight-veined, almost 
entire to deeply pinnatifid leaves. Flowers inconspicuous, 
appearing with the leaves. Fruit a prickly bur, inclosing 
2 triangular, sharp-ridged nuts, the bur hanging on the 
trees during the greater part of the winter. Leat-buds 
very elongated, slender, shayp-pointed. 
*The straight veins all ending in the teeth; native............ Is 
*Margin varying from entire to deeply pinnatifid, the straight 
veins occasionally ending in the notches................... 2. 
