166 TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 
or reddish. Catkins cylindric, with leafy bracts at base, and ap- 
parently 1 stamen to each flower (the filaments are united). A 
shrub or small tree, 3 to 12 ft. high; from Europe. In low ground; 
often cultivated for the twigs, which are used in basket-making. 
10. Salix caprea, L. (GoatT-WILLOW.) 
Leaves large, roundish, ovate, pointed, ser- 
rate, wavy, deep green above, pale and 
downy with soft, white-cottony hairs be- 
neath; stipules somewhat crescent-shaped. 
Catkins large, oval, numerous, almost ses- 
1 sile, blooming much before the leaves appear, 
a and of w showy yellow color. A moderate- 
Sr capress sized tree, 15 to 30 ft. high, with spreading, 
brown or purplish branches. Frequent in cultivation; from Europe; 
growing well in dry places. The Goat-willow is the one generally used 
for the stock of the artificial umbrella-formed ‘‘ Kilmarnock Willow.” 
The growth of shoots from these stocks is rendering the Goat-wil- 
low quite common. 
11. Salix rostrata, Richards. (BEAKED 
WILLow.) Leaves oblong to obovate-lan- 
ceolate, acute, usually obscurely toothed, 
sometimes ecrenate or serrate, downy 
above, prominently veined, soft-hairy 
and somewhat glaucous beneath. Twigs 
downy. Catkins appearing with the 
leaves. Fruit-capsules tapering toa long 
slender beak, pedicels long and slender. Sroatrate, 
A small, tree-shaped shrub, 4 to 15 ft. high, common in both moist 
and dry ground. New England, west and north. 
12. Salix discolor, Miihl. (Guaucous 
or Boe Wittow.) Leaves lanceolate or 
ovate-lanceolate, acute, remotely serrate 
at the base, finely serrate along the middle, 
and almost entire near the tip; smooth 
and bright green above, soon smooth and 
somewhat glaucous beneath; stipules. on 
the vigorous shoots, equaling the petiole, 
more frequently small and inconspicuous. 
Catkins sessile, 1 in. long, appearing before 
the leaves in the spring; scales dark red 
or brown, becoming black,: covered with 
8. discolor. long glossy hairs. Fruit in catkins, 244 in. 
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