GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX TO PARTI 211 
Sheath. A tubular envelope. 
Shoot. A branch. 
Shrub. A bush-like plant; one branching from near the base, 11. 
Silver grain. Medullary rays, 13, 36. 
Simple leaf. One with but a single blade, 19. 
Sinuate. With a margin strongly wavy, 22. 
Sinuation. One of the waves of a sinuate edge. 
Spatulate. Gradually narrowed downward from a rounded tip. 
Spike. An elongated cluster of flowers with the separate blossoms 
about sessile. 
Spine. A sharp, rigid outgrowth from the wood of a stem; some- 
times applied to sharp points not so deeply seated which should be 
considered as prickles, 28. 
Spinescent or spiny. Having spines, 22, 23. 
Spray. A collection of small shoots or branches of a plant. 
Stamen. One of the pollen-bearing or fertilizing parts of a 
flower, 24. 
Staminate. Said of flowers which have stamens but no pistil, 25. 
Stellate. Branching, star-like. 
Stems and branches, 11. 
Stipules.- Small blades at the base of a leafstalk, 19. 
Straight-veined. Feather-veined with the veins straight and 
parallel, 20. 
Striate. Marked with fine longitudinal lines or ridges. 
Sub. A prefix applied to many botanical terms, and indicating 
nearly. 
Subulate. Awl-shaped, 21. 
Succulent. Thick and fleshy, 23. 
Suckers. Shoots from a subterranean part of a plant. 
Surface of leaves and fruit, 23. 
Tangential section of wood, 35. 
Tapering. Gradually pointed; gradually narrowed, 21. 
Tap-root. A simple root with a stout tapering body, 9. 
Terete. Cylindric, but tapering as the twigs of a tree. 
Terminal. Belonging to the extremity of a branch, as a terminal 
bud, 14; or terminal flower-cluster, 26. 
Texture of leaves, 23. 
Thyrsus. A compact, much-branched flower- or fruit-cluster, 26. 
Tomentose. Covered with matted, woolly hairs, 23. 
Toothed. With teeth or short projections. 
Tree. A plant with a woody trunk which does not branch near the 
ground, 11. ; 
Truncate. With a square end as though cut off, 22. 
