viii CONTENTS. 



PAQE 



THE BIRDS OP NORTH AMERICA EAST OP THE NINE- 



. 41 



41 



56 

 56 



58 



65 

 67 



85 



86 

 86 



TIETH MERIDIAN . 

 Key to Orders and Families . 



I. Order Pygopodes : Diving Birds 



1. Family Podieipidse : Grebes 



2. Family Urinatoridae : Loons 



3. Family Alcidse : Auks, Murres, and Puffins . . 60 



II. Order Longipbsnes : Long-winged Swimmers . . 65 



4. Family Stercorariidae : Skuas and Jaegers 



5. Family Laridse : Gulls and Terns 



6. Rynohopidae : Skimmers 



III. Order Tubinares : Tube-nosed Swimmers 



7. Family Diomedeidse : Albatrosses 



8. Proeellariidse : Petrels, Fulmars, and Shearwaters . 86 



IV. Order Steganopodes : Totipalmate Swimmers . . 91 



9. Family Phaethontidse : Tropic Birds . . . .91 



10. Family Sulida; : Gannets ... . . 93 



11. Family Anhingidas : Darters ... .93 

 13. Family Phalaorocoraeidae : Cormorants . . .94 



13. Family Pelecanidae : Pelicans ... 95 



14. Family Fregatids : Man-o'-War Birds . . .97 



V. Order Anseres: Lamellirostral Swimmers . . 97 



15. Family Anatidse : Ducks, Geese, and Swans . . 97 



VI. Order Odontogloss^ : Lamellirostral Grallatores . 125 



16. Family Phoenicopteridse : Flamingoes . . . 125 



VII. Order Herodiones : Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc. . . 125 



17. Family Plataleidae : Spoonbills 125 



18. Family Ibidida; : Ibises 126 



19. Family Ciconiidae : Storks and Wood Ibises . . 127 



20. Family Ardeidae : Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns . 128 



VIII. Order Paludiool^e : Cranes, Rails, etc . . . 137 



21. Family Gruidse : Cranes 137 



22. Family Aramidae : Courlans 138 



33. Family Rallidae : Rails, Gallinules, and Coots . . 139 



IX. Order Limicol.s; : Shore Birds .... 147 



34. Family Phalaropodidae : Phalaropes . . . 147 

 25. Family Recurvirostridae : Stilts and Avocets . . 149 

 36. Family Seolopacidas : Snipes, Sandpipers, etc. . . 150 



