40 VETERINAEY STATE BOAED 



(b) Magnesiiuii sulphate forms the insoluble sulphate of lead. 

 In chronic lead poisoning, give potassium iodide liberally. 



Mention precautions to be observed in case of poisoning by mineral 

 acids. 

 Avoid stomach tube, as it might perforate the softened oesopha- 

 gus. Neutralize the acids before producing vomiting. 



What is the treatment for carbolic acid poisoning? 



Give Epsom salts, or neutralize with alcohol, and produce vomit- 

 ing with apomorphine or use the stomach pump. Opiates relieve 

 pain. 



Physiological Chemistry 



Define physiological chemistry. 



Physiological chemistry is that part of chemistry which has 

 more especially for its object the various chemical changes which 

 take place in the living organism of either plants or animals. 



Define the terms metabolism, catabolism and anabolism. 



Metabolism refers to the various chemical changes occurring in 

 the liviag body, due to the action of enzymes, bacteria, and the 

 living cell activity. 



Catabolism is destructive metabolism, or the conversion of mat- 

 ter, especially protoplasm, into a lower state of organization and 

 ultimately into waste products. 



Anabolism is constructive metabolism, or the change of matter 

 from a lower to a higher state of organization ; especially the conver- 

 sion of matter into protoplasm. 



Define isotonic, h5TJo-isotonic and hyperisotonic solutions. 



Isotonic is a condition in which the tension in two substances, 

 or solutions, is the same, that is, the osmotic pressure is equal, e.g., 

 physiologic salt solution is isotonic with blood. 



Hypo-isotonic refers to a solution having a lesser osmotic power 

 than another. 



Hyperisotonic refers to a solution having a greater osmotic power 

 than another. A solution of salt in greater proportion than is 

 present in a physiological salt solution would be hyperisotonic to 

 blood. Such a solution if mixed with blood would cause haemolysis 

 and other changes. 



What is a physiologic salt solution? 



It is a solution of sodium chloride of a certain strength (0.6 to 

 0.9 per cent.) which is isotonic with blood. 



