QUESTIONS AND ANSWEES 83 



the diaphragmatic flexure, then passes back with the first portion 

 to terminate in the small (floating) colon. 



Throughout its length, it is traversed by from 1 to 4 longitudinal, 

 muscular bands which hold the transverse folds in position. It is 

 made up of three coats: outer serous, middle muscular and inner 

 mucous. Length, 10-13 feet. Capacity, 18 gallons. Blood supply, 

 two colic arteries. Nerves, sympathetic. 



What is the difference between the caecum of the horse and that of 

 the ox? 



In the horse, there are four longitudinal muscular bands which 

 are absent in the ox, hence in the latter the bulgings seen in the 

 horse do not appear. 



Describe the ileocsecal valve and give its function. 



It is formed by the projection of the ileum into the caecum and 

 is formed by a circular mucous fold, strengthened externally by 

 muscular fibres. Situated on the inferior face of the caecum. 



Function : by acting as a sort of check-valve, probably aids the 

 onward movements of the intestinal contents. 



What is the capacity of the caecum? 

 Seven and a half gallons. 



Describe the liver. 



The liver is a glandular viscus, situated in the abdominal cavity 

 to the right of the diaphragmatic region. Its average weight is 

 eleven pounds. Flattened before and behind and indented at its 

 borders, the organ is divided into three principal lobes and presents 

 two surfaces and a border for study. 



The anterior face, applied against the diaphragm, is channelled 

 by a deep fissure for the posterior cava. The posterior surface also 

 has a fissure for the passage of the portal vein and vessels. In the 

 superior border is a notch for the oesophagus. Several smaller fis- 

 sures are observed, one dividing the right and left lobes and small 

 ones dividing the middle lobe into lobules. 



The four lobes are : left (the largest) , right, spigelian or caudate, 

 and middle. 



The liver is held in place by five ligaments, viz. : 



1. Anterior or coronary, from the fissure for the cava to the 

 phrenic centre. 



2. One from the left lobe to the sides of the oesophageal orifice. 



3. One from the right lobe to the sublumbar wall. 



4. Broad or suspensory, from the middle lobe to the inferior 

 abdominal waU and lower part of the diaphragm. 



