120 VETERINAEY STATE BOAED 



globules. In starving animals it is transparent, owing to the absence 

 of fat, and in herbivora it is said to be yellowish or yeUowish-green, 

 owing to the chlorophyll in the food. 



How does chyle differ from lymph? 



Chemically they are very much alike, but chyle contains fat, 

 which gives it a milky appearance. Lymph contains lymph cor- 

 puscles and possesses the power of spontaneous clotting. 



State the function of the double colon in digestion. 



In the colon, bacteria attack the unabsorbed products of proteid 

 digestion, reducing them to simpler end-products. These end- 

 products are partly absorbed, but mostly passed out with the fseces. 



What constitutes the bulk of the faeces? Compare the faeces of her- 

 bivora vnth the faeces of camivora. 



The fffices consist principally of that portion of the food which 

 is undigestible, together with that part which though digestible has 

 escaped absorption. 



The fseces of herbivora consist mainly of inorganic matter (58 

 per cent.), and they are acid in reaction. In carnivora, there is 

 less inorganic matter (20 to 25 per cent.), and they are alkaline in 

 reaction. The fseces of camivora contain a large amount of lime 

 salts. 



What relation has the portal vein to absorption from the intestines? 



The portal vein drains the whole splanchnic area, hence the blood 

 it carries is charged with substances, absorbed from the intestinal 

 canal, that are by-products formed during the gradual breaking- 

 down of the food substances. These substances are those which 

 are soluble in water, such as salts, sugar, soaps, and peptone. Pep- 

 tone is probably changed to serum-albumin during absorption, for 

 peptone in the blood is a poison. 



Give the function of the liver. 



Secretion of bile, glycogenic function, formation of urea and 

 a protective function (neutralizes poisons) . 



Give the blood supply of the liver. 



The hepatic artery supplies the nutritive blood. The functional 

 blood is supplied by the portal vein. 



What are the functions of the bile? Show how the secretion of bile 

 in the equine differs from that in the bovine. 



Functions of the bile : Emulsifies fat, stimulates peristalsis and 

 has slight antiseptic action on the intestinal contents. 



