PATHOLOGY* 



Define pathology. 



Pathology is that branch of medical science which treats of 

 the essential nature of disease, especially of the structural and 

 functional changes caused by disease. 



Special pathology deals with the pathologic processes in certain 

 diseases, organs, or parts. 



How do infection, poison and nervous disorder, respectively, cause a 

 rise of temperature? 

 Infection by bacteria produces toxins which, being carried 

 through the blood to the brain, stimulate the heat centres. Poisons 

 are taken up by the blood and act the same way. Nervous dis- 

 orders, by disturbing the process of metabolism, cause toxic prod- 

 ucts, such as albumoses, peptones, or ferments to be found. These 

 products are carried in the blood to the heat centres. 



Define the following terms: infection, disinfection, atrophy, oedema, 

 immunity, anasmia, hypersemia, cystitis, orchitis. 



Infection refers to the entrance into the system of a disease- 

 producing microorganism capable of self-multiplication. 



Disinfection is the process of freeing from, or neutralizing, 

 pathogenic germs or agents. 



Atrophy is a wasting or diminution in the size of a part. 



CEdema is a swollen condition of tissue caused by an excessive 

 accumulation of the tissue fluid, lymph. 



Immunity is a condition of an animal or person in which there 

 is an insensitiveness or insusceptibility to a certain disease. 



Anaemia is a reduction in the quantity or quality of the blood, 

 affecting the cellular elements or hemoglobin or both. 



Hypersemia is a condition in which there is an excess of blood in 

 a part of the body. 



Cystitis is the term applied to an inflammatory condition of the 

 uiinary bladder. 



Orchitis : inflammation of the testicles. 



Define primary and secondary lesion and illustrate by example. 



A primary lesion is a pathological condition produced at the 

 point of attack by the causative agent (bacteria, trauma, etc.). If 

 from this point pathogenic material is carried to other parts of 



* Unless otherwise stated all questions relate to the horse. 



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