QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 153 



In hypertrophic cirrhosis, the liver is enlarged, the cut surface 

 as well as the outer surface appears smooth or slightly granular 

 and greenish-yellow in color; the consistency is hard, due to the 

 increase in the interlobular connective tissue ; there is no tendency 

 toward contraction. 



Give the pathology of icterus. 



There is a yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous mem- 

 branes, particularly noticeable in the conjunctiva; the urine is 

 brownish or greenish in color and all of the organs of the body, 

 except nerve tissue, may be stained yellow. The bile capillaries 

 of the liver are distended with bile, and pigmentation of the liver- 

 cells is noted. Constipation is present and the stools are dry, hard, 

 pale and fetid. 



In what diseases does enlargement of the spleen occur? 



Anthrax, Texas fever, piroplasmosis of dogs, and leukaemia. 



Differentiate an ante-mortem from a post-mortem tympanites in 

 bovines at autopsy. 

 In ante-mortem tympanites, the lungs are compressed, dark-red 

 and full of blood. The veins of the subcutaneous connective tissue 

 are filled to their utmost with dark-red, possibly uncoagulated blood. 

 Signs of death from suffocation, such as s,triate and punctate hemor- 

 rhages into the serous membranes, espeefally in the pleura and peri- 

 cardium, are seen. In post-mortem tympanites, none of these con- 

 ditions are found. The blood is evenly distributed, except perhaps 

 a hypostatic congestion in the side on which the cadaver lies. 



Genito-ueinart Organs 



Define (a) haematuria, (b) haemoglobinuria. 



(a) Blood in the urine. 



(b) Haemoglobin in the urine without blood-corpuscles. 



Name the different varieties of urinary casts and state the conditions 

 in which each is found. 



Casts are albuminous exudates from the blood, with the addition 

 of transformed or destroyed epithelium. There are six varieties 

 of true casts: 1,' hyaline; 2, 'epithelial; 3,' blood; 4,' granular; 

 5,' fatty ; 6; waxy. 



The first three are found in acute parenchymatous nephritis. 

 Granular casts are found in chronic parenchymatous nephritis. 

 Fatty and waxy casts are secondary products and only found in 

 nephritis of long standing (chronic interstitial). 



