QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 177 



Symptoms : Acute form, high fever, rapid pulse and respiration, 

 anorexia, dulness, constipation, icterus, prostration, weakness, de- 

 lirium, hemoglobinuria, blood thin and pale, diarrhoea, emaciation. 

 Course, 1 to 7 days. Mild form : Symptoms similar to those in the 

 acute form, except they are less severe and are prolonged for a 

 greater length of time. 



What is influenza? Give causes and symptoms. 



Influenza is an acute, infectious disease of the horse (rarely the 

 ass and mule), occurring enzootically and epizootically, and is char- 

 acterized by a rise of temperature and a catarrhal condition of the 

 mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive tracts. 



Cause : Seems to be a specific infection, the nature of which is, 

 as yet, undetermined. A number of organisms have been found and 

 described as the specific one, viz., coccobacillus of Lignieres, bacilli, 

 streptococci, etc. A filtrable virus seems to have been proven by 

 recent experimenters who consider the streptococci, bacilli, etc., as 

 secondary invaders. 



Symptoms: Various manifestations and forms; viz., catarrhal 

 form, pink eye, abdominal form, infectious cellulitis and any number 

 of combinations of the above. In general, we observe: sudden 

 attack, anorexia, extreme prostration and weakness, high tempera- 

 ture, swelling and watering of the eyes, icterus, cough, accelerated 

 pulse, mucopurulent nasal discharge, pharyngitis, bronchitis, 

 pneumonia, pleurisy, digestive disorders, and an oedematous swell- 

 ing of the extremities, sheath, etc. Mild cases may show only a 

 high fever and prostration lasting a few days. There is a great 

 variety of internal forms. 



Give some of the modern forms of treatment of influenza. 



Besides the usual symptomatic treatment followed in pneumonia, 

 pleurisy and enteritis from other causes, nuclein, tallianine, anti- 

 streptococcus serum, polyvalent bacterins, mixed infection phyla* 

 cogens and proprietary vaccines are used. 



Give causes and symptoms of purpura hemorrhagica. 



Cause: Not definitely known; follows debilitating diseases as a 

 secondary affection ; probably toxins, especially those causing vaso- 

 dilatation. 



Symptoms: Fever; nasal petechise; characteristic, extensive, 

 abruptly-ending swellings of the skin and subcutis of the abdomen, 

 sheath and extremities; oozing of serum from the skin; dyspnoea 

 and suffocation may follow from swelling of the nostrils and 

 pharynx ; locomotion is painful ; appetite is usually good in the 

 mild and often in the severe cases. 

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