QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 183 



Treatment : Remove cause ; correct diet ; give tonics such as iron 

 sulphate or reduced iron, arsenic, etc.; transfusion of blood or 

 infusion of normal saline solution. 



Where is the filaria immitis found? What condition does it produce? 

 The embryos of this parasite are found in the circulating blood 

 and the mature worms in the right heart of dogs. Conditions pro- 

 duced are anaemia, emaciation, increased appetite, dropsical swell- 

 ings due to emboli, heart disturbances, etc. It runs a course of 

 several years. 



Discuss briefly the etiology and prevention of haemoglobinuria. 



HaBmoglobinuria (azoturia) occurs almost invariably in well- 

 conditioned, plethoric horses, accustomed to regular work, after 

 a day of idleness without reduction in the amount of rations. It 

 is rarely seen in poorly nourished horses. Cold is thought to be an 

 etiological factor as more cases are seen in winter than in summer. 

 It is probably an auto-intoxication, the exact nature of which is 

 undetermined. 



Prevention: Give regular exercise and reduce rations when 

 idle. 



Give the symptoms and treatment of azoturia. 



Symptoms: Soon after leaving the stable iu apparently perfect 

 condition, the patient sweats, knuckles over on one or both hind, 

 rarely in the fore, fetlocks, falls down and cannot arise except to 

 stand in the knuckled attitude ; cerebral excitement may or may not 

 be present ; the muscles of the gluteal region are hard and swollen ; 

 urine is coffee-colored or black ; pulse full and accelerated, tempera- 

 ture normal or slightly elevated. 



Treatment: Nothing specific. Quick-acting cathartics such as 

 arecoUne and Epsom salts ; hot blankets over the loins may help ; 

 evacuate the bladder regularly; plenty of bedding should be pro- 

 vided and the patient should be turned over every 4 to 6 hours. 

 Bromides or chloral hydrate may be given per os, or cannabis 

 indica, intravenously if the patient is restless. Slings are used by 

 some but should not be used unless the patient can stand well, in 

 which case they are needless. 



Diseases of Metabolism 

 Give the symptoms, course and termination of osteoporosis. 



Inappetency, lifelessness, stiffness, shifting lameness, "tied-iu" 

 gait, stumbling, distortion of the bones of the face and lower jaw, 



