QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 187 



Insufficiency of the right auriculoventricular valv6 is shown by 

 a systolic murmur, a feeble pulse, distention of the veins, jugular 

 pulse and oedema of the extremities. 



Insufficiency of the left auriculoventricular valve is accom- 

 panied by a systolic murmur, passive congestion of the lungs, indura- 

 tion of the lung tissue, pulmonary oedema, pulse slightly weaker, 

 dyspnoea on exercise. 



Insufficiency of the semilunar valve of the aorta is usually accom- 

 panied by hypertrophy, which gives an increased cardiac dulness 

 on percussion, a stronger impulse on palpation and a full, strong, 

 bounding pulse ; thrill of the wall of the thorax over the heart ; a 

 diastolic murmur which shows its greatest intensity in the left fourth 

 intercostal space below the shoulder line. 



Insufficiency of the semilunar valve of the pulmonary artery 

 shows the same as the preceding, except there is no change in the 

 pulse and it is usually accompanied by respiratory disturbances. 



Give the treatment for valvular disease of the heart. 



Secure rest for the patient. Give heart tonics as, digitalis, 

 strophanthus, etc. Slaughter meat-producing animals. 



What are the usual causes of dropsy of the abdomen, limbs and beneath 

 the venter? 



Valvular heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, diseases of the 

 kidneys, circulatory obstructions which produce venous congestion 

 as, tumors, aneurisms, etc. 



Give the causes, symptoms and treatment of aneurism. 



Causes: Debilitated vascular walls, violence which may rup- 

 ture the arterial coat, violent exercise, increased blood-pressure, 

 obstruction by embolus and arteritis. 



Symptoms: Depends on the location. In general, we note: a 

 soft tumor pulsating with the heart ; a double rushing sound, palpi- 

 tation, cardiac weakness, rapid fatigue, vertigo, and ■ venous 

 congestion. 



Treatment: Unsatisfactory. Rest the patient; give a low diet; 

 apply compression or ligature above and below the aneurism. In- 

 ternal aneurism, which is seldom diagnosed, is irremediable. 



In what animals and at what age is cyanosis liable to occur? 



In the new-born animal. It is due to the failure of the foramen 

 ovale to close. 



