226 VETERINAKY STATE BOARD 



(b) The nippers are rounded, the intermediates are nearly so, 

 while the corners are stiU oval. The cups are worn out of aU the 

 inferiors and the nippers and intermediates of the superior row. 



(c) All the teeth are rounded and the central enamel is gone. 

 The superior corners are levelled. 



(d) The nippers are triangular, the intermediates are becoming 

 so; the corners are still rounded. The dental star is round in all 

 the lower teeth and is dark and indistinct. 



Describe the operation for the repulsion of a diseased upper molar 

 tooth of a horse. 

 Shave and disinfect the field of operation. Remove a circular 

 piece of skin and trephine through the bone and alveolar plate, 

 immediately over the fang of the tooth. With scalpel and chisel, 

 separate the bone and soft tissues over the entire area of the diseased 

 tooth. Apply a punch against the fang of the tooth and give a few 

 sharp blows with a mallet, directing the force in a line with the 

 long axis of the tooth, driving it into the mouth. If the tooth cannot 

 be dislodged in this manner, comminute it with the chisel and mallet 

 and remove the fragments. Cleanse and disinfect the wound after 

 each meal, or at least once daily. 



Give the symptoms and the treatment of paralysis of the muscles of 

 mastication. 

 Symptoms: Salivation, tongue lolling, inability to close the 

 mouth and take nourishment. 



Treatment: (Beware of rabies.) Feed with stomach tube. 

 Apply electric current to the masseter and temporal muscles. 



Give the method of " bishoping " a horse. 



"Bishoping" is accomplished by drilling or gouging out a cavity 

 in the tables of incisor teeth and staining the cavity black with silver 

 nitrate or a hot iron. It is a method employed by unscrupulous 

 dealers ("gyps") for the purpose of deception in regard to the 

 age of a horse. 



Mention four diseases and six accidental conditions, or injuries, that 

 are characterized by a copious discharge of saliva. 

 Diseases: Pharyngitis, stomatitis, paralysis of lower jaw and 

 dental caries. 



Accidents : Wounds of the cheeks, foreign bodies in the mouth, 

 a severe bit, injuries of the tongue, bags of spices attached to the 

 bit, and choking. 



