QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 227 



Give the treatment of salivary calculi. 



Operative removal through the buccal cavity to avoid fistulas, if 

 possible. If the duct must be opened, make a transverse incision 

 which heals more readily than a longitudinal one. Observe strict 

 aseptic precautions and obtain healing by first intention if possible. 

 Withhold food for two days. 



Describe causes, symptoms and treatment of salivary fistula. 



Causes: Wounds which penetrate the salivary glands or their 

 ducts. 



Symptoms: An opening in the gland or duct through which 

 there is a continuous flow of saliva, more marked during eating. 

 The hair is matted or lost and the pigment of the skin is destroyed by 

 the discharge. 



Treatment: Pistulae of the gland sometimes heal without treat- 

 ment. Cauterize with silver nitrate or actual cautery. See that 

 the opening of the duct into the mouth is free, or provide an arti- 

 ficial opening, and then close the fistula with a purse-string suture. 

 If this fails, ligate the duct above the fistula and produce a destruc- 

 tion of the gland through pressure atrophy. The gland may be 

 destroyed by the injection of irritating fluids into it but this method 

 is very painful and far from surgical. 



What are the characteristic symptoms of actinomycosis of the jaw 

 and face in cattle? Give the treatment. 

 A hard, firm swelling which involves the bone. The teeth become 

 loosened because of a purulent, alveolar periostitis; mastication is 

 painful; the skin becomes thick and adherent; perforation occurs 

 and a thick, yellow pus is exuded in which actinomyces may be 

 found. 



Treatment : Mild cases, if treated early, respond to the internal 

 administration of potassium iodide until signs of iodism appear. 

 It is best to dissect away all diseased tissue and, in severe cases, 

 slaughter. 



Describe an operation for poll-evil. 



Clip the foretop and mane and shave the crest of the neck over 

 the diseased area. Make a longitudinal incision on either side of 

 the median line, and about 2 inches from same, from the top of the 

 head down to the posterior limit of the disease. These incisions, 

 should be carried through the skin, subeutem and adipose tissue to 

 the ligamentum nuchas. Dissect away all necrotic tissue. Pack the 

 wound with antiseptic gauze and hold the packing in place with tem- 

 f)orary, retaining sutures. Remove pack in 48 hours and use dry 

 dressings daily. 



