280 VETERINAEY STATE BOARD 



tate the head and neck by means of a chain-saw or otherwise, with- 

 draw the severed member, and then proceed with the remaining por- 

 tion as in normal parturition. 



How would you deliver an anterior presentation in a case of hydro- 

 cephalus? 

 See answer to preceding question. 



What are the disadvantages under which the veterinary obstetrist 

 labors in case of dystocia? 

 He is frequently hampered by being called after some unskilled 

 persons have complicated matters or done irreparable injury to the 

 mother and foetus by their crude tactics. Many times the quarters in 

 which parturient animals are kept are poorly lighted, improperly 

 ventilated and dirty. Plenty of clean, warm water is not always 

 to be had. Lastly, the severe straining of such large animals as 

 cows and mares is fatiguing to the arm of the operator and impedes 

 his necessary manipulations to a great extent. 



Mention four different mechanical means for the extraction of the 

 foetus. 

 Cords, hooks, forceps, and halters. 



How may strong muscular contractions of the uterus be overcome in 



case of malpresentation in dystocia? 



Many methods have been tried, pressure on the loins, tying a 



rope tightly round the body, twitching the nose or ear, etc. The 



most humane and satisfactory way is the administration of a 



narcotic (opium, chloral hydrate, or, better still, chloroform). 



What are the indications for the use of ergot in labor and how should 

 ergot be given? 

 Ergot is used in case of uterine inertia when there is no mal- 

 position of the fcetus or mechanical obstruction to its passage. 

 Very small doses should be given to increase the force of the uterine 

 contractions without producing spasms of the organ or of the 

 cervix. 



Under what conditions would you use a repeller for the removal of a 

 calf? 

 When the fcetus, in a faulty position, has become wedged in the 

 pelvic cavity or is approaching the inlet, it may be necessary to 

 return it into the uterus to effect a proper presentation and position. 

 Occasionally, when the foetus is presenting properly and is in a 

 good position, it is advantageous to repel it in order to attach cords 

 to some part of its body. 



