QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 311 



quinine sulphate, salicylic acid, aconite, and digitalis, or by in- 

 creasing the heat loss with alcohol, spiritus setheris nitrosi, cold, 

 and purgatives. The former method is better because it strikes 

 more nearly at the source or cause, and the latter method stimulates 

 the production of heat. 



Give the properties, the uses and the dose of potassium chlorate. 



Potassium chlorate occurs in colorless, monoclinie prisms. It 

 easily explodes on trituration with sugar, sulphur, tannin, and char- 

 coal. It is soluble in 1 to 16 parts of cold and 1 to 2 parts of boiling 

 water ; antiseptic, antacid, alterative, sialogogue, diuretic, febrifuge, 

 and cardiac depressant, and is used in laryngitis, pharyngitis, 

 stomatitis, and in febrile conditions of a catarrhal nature. Dose, 

 2 to 8 drachms. 



What is oil of turpentine? How is it obtained? Give its medicinal 

 use. 

 It is a volatile oil, distilled from turpentine. Turpentiae is 

 obtained from the ordinary yellow pine (Pinus palustrus) and other 

 varieties of pine. For uses, see following question. 



Give the external use and the internal use of oil of turpentine. State 

 how oil of turpentine should be administered. 



Used externally as a counterirritant, rubefacient, or stimulant 

 in sprains, arthritis, pleurisy, peritonitis, spasmodic colic, etc. 



Internally, it is used as an antiferment in flatulency, anthel- 

 mintic for round- and tapeworms, stimulating and antiseptic expec- 

 torant in chronic bronchitis, genito-urinary antiseptic in purulent 

 nephritis, cystitis, and urethritis. Used extensively in internal 

 hemorrhage and purpura hemorrhagica. Injected intratracheally 

 for lung worms in calves and lambs. 



It is usually administered in oil or milk. (Its irritating proper- 

 ties are greatly overestimated, however, as it can be given by the 

 mouth undiluted with no inconvenience to the patient.) 



What are alkaloids? 



Alkaloids are active nitrogenous principles existing in plants, 

 extracted by chemical art. They are organic bases of alkaline reac- 

 tion, forming salts with acids, and as salts are very soluble in 

 water. 



Mention six alkaloids used in veterinary medicine. State the dose and 

 the mode of administering each. 



1. Morphine: Morphine sulphate, 3 grains, hypodermically. 



2. Strychnine : Strychnine sulphate, 1 grain, hypodermically. 



