QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 315 



Give the actions and uses of heroin. 



Heroin increases the inspiratory and expiratory force and lessens 

 the numher of the respiratory movements. It is a general motor 

 depressant and anodyne and exerts a special sedative influence on 

 the respiratory mucous membranes. 



What preparations of copper are used in veterinary medicine and for 

 what purposes? 



Arsenite of copper is used in diarrhoea, dysentery, scours, and in 

 relaxation of the muscular wall of the intestines, also in chorea 

 in dogs. 



Sulphate of copper used internally as an emetic; antidote for 

 phosphorus, atony of the bowels, diarrhoea, and aseariasis. Exter- 

 nally, it is used as a stimulant and caustic, styptic in foot-rot, granu- 

 lar eyelids, conjunctivitis, etc. 



Acetate of copper is an efScient vermifuge in aseariasis in the 

 horse. 



Give the properties of pepsin. How is pepsin prepared? 



Pepsin occurs as a fine, white or yellowish-white amorphous 

 powder, or pale yellowish, transparent scales or grains, free from 

 offensive odor, having a mildly acidulous and slightly saline taste, 

 followed by a slight bitter taste. It is soluble in about 100 parts 

 water, but more soluble if the water is acidulated with hydrochloric 

 acid. It is used in indigestion in young animals. It is prepared by 

 macerating the mucous membrane of a pig's stomach for several 

 days in a weak aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. The pepsin 

 is precipitated by adding sodiiun chloride, and is then removed, 

 pressed, and dried. 



Name the active principle of three of the following : aconite, belladonna, 

 ergot, digitalis and opium. 

 Aconite: Aconitine. 

 Belladonna: Atropine. 

 Ergot: Ergotine. 



Digitalis: Digitaline, digitoxin, digitalein, digitin, digitonin. 

 Opium : Morphine and codeine. 



Discriminate between the physiological action of chloroform and that 



of ether. Mention the dangers in anaesthesia. How may 



these dangers be avoided? 



Chloroform is more irritating to the mucous membranes and 



causes violent gastro-enteritis if administered undiluted; it is less 



stimulating and more depressing to the heart and circulation ; for 



