QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 319 



What is cascara sagrada? Give its uses and state the dose for the dog. 



Cascara sagrada is an active cathartic obtained from the bark 



of Bhamnus purshiana (California buckthorn). It is used in dogs 



in doses of 5 to 30 grains to overcome chronic constipation and as a 



stomachic. 



What is mustard? State its uses in medicine. 



Commercial mustard is a powder obtained from Sinapis alba 

 semina and Sinapis nigra semina, which produce white and black 

 mustard respectively. It is an irritant or counterirritant, rube- 

 facient, vesicant, or suppurant, according to the manner in which 

 it is used. Used internally as an emetic for dogs and pigs. Exter- 

 Jially, it is used as a counterirritant in laryngitis, bronchitis, pneu- 

 monia, pleurisy, colic, enteritis, peritonitis, etc. 



Name (a) a drug that contracts the pupil of the eye, (b) a drug that 

 dilates the pupil of the eye. 



(a) Physostigmine, (b) atropine. 



What is the effect of massage? When is this treatment advisable? 



Massage exerts many of the effects of counterirritants, and, 

 moreover, assists in mechanically relieving overloaded lymph-vessels 

 and veins. It increases metabolism, promotes absorption, stretches 

 adhesions, and relieves pain. 



It is advisable in case of (Edematous swellings, as in the joints, 

 legs, and udder (mastitis) ; also useful in overcoming muscular 

 atrophy, following azoturia or from other causes, and to relieve pain 

 in neuralgic attacks. 



State the uses, dose and action of nitrate of potash in the treatment of 

 the horse and cow. 

 Potassium nitrate is used in pneumonia, influenza, mastitis, 

 pharyngitis, laryngitis, dropsical conditions, and many febrile con- 

 ditions of the horse and cow. Externally, as a refrigerant. It 

 possesses an alterative, febrifuge, diuretic, cardiac sedative, dia- 

 phoretic, and feebly laxative action. 



Dose for the horse, % ounce, and for the cow, 1 ounce. 



State the actions, uses and dose of sugar of lead. 



Plumbi acetas, acetate of lead, or sugar of lead, is astringent, 

 hsemostatic, styptic, anodyne, local sedative, and desiccant. Used 

 internally to check hemorrhage, diarrhoea, dysentery, and chronic 

 catarrhal bronchitis; externally, to check superficial inflammation, 

 tendonitis, arthritis, eczema, scratches, keratitis, etc. Dose, 1 drachm. 



