QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 331 



Give the action and the uses of sodium bicarbonate. State the dose 

 for (a) the horse, (b) the dog. Discuss fully. 



Sodium bicarbonate is antacid, alterative, and mildly anodyne 

 (locally) . It increases the flow of the gastric juice and the fluidity 

 of the bile, and dissolves mucus. 



Used in catarrh of the gastro-intestinal tract, gastric indigestion 

 associated with flatulency and acidity. Often combined with calomel 

 for its synergistic action. Dissolves membranes in croupous enteritis. 

 Externally, it is used in solution to allay itching in skin diseases, 

 burns, etc., and as an injection for leucorrhoea and chronic rhinitis. 



Dose, (a) 2 drachms to 2 ounces, (b) 10 grains to 14 drachm. 



What are (a) antiphlogistics, (b) antipyretics? Give an example of 

 each. 



(a) Remedies employed to prevent the progress of inflammatory 

 processes, either local or general, as ichthyol. 



(b) Agents which reduce high temperature in fever, as 

 phenacetin. 



How do acids and alkalies act on the secretions? 



Acids lessen the secretion of the gastric juice and increase the 

 secretion of saliva. Alkalies increase the flow of gastric juice and 

 diminish the secretion of saliva. 



How are medicines classified? 



A physiological classification of medicines depends upon their 

 action, whether general or local. Drugs having a general action 

 may be subdivided into stimulants, sedatiyes, tonics, and alteratives. 

 Drugs acting locally may be classified according to the part or parts 

 upon which they act; for instance, cardiac stimulants, cerebral 

 excitants, gastric sedatives, etc. 



Name agents that prominently affect the alimentary canal or its con- 

 tents. 

 Aloes, calomel, bismuth subnitrate, and opium. 



Name agents that prominently aifect the respiratory organs. 

 Lobelia, ipecac, belladonna, veratrum, and ether. 



Name agents that prominently affect the follicular or glandular organs. 

 Pilocarpine, belladonna, eserine, and arecoline. 



Name agents that prominently affect the nervous system. 

 Strychnine, opium, chloral, and ether. 



