364 VETERINARY STATE BOARD 



Describe a properly built stall for a horse. Give its dimensions. 



A properly-built stall for a horse should be ten feet long from 

 the manger and six feet wide. The partitions must be strong and 

 high enough, especially in front, to prevent quarrelling. The pillars 

 are rounded and provided with rings, about three feet from the 

 floor, to which a chain can be attached. 



The floor is made of concrete or other impervious material and 

 covered with wood. The slope, posteriorly, should be as little as 

 possible to secure drainage. One inch lower behind than in front is 

 sufficient. 



Mangers are best made of metal and so constructed as to permit 

 of thorough cleansing. The hay-rack should be low to avoid the 

 danger of dust, chaff, etc., falling into the nostrils and eyes. 



Windows should be high overhead to prevent drafts and the glare 

 of light in the eyes. 



At what age does the cow, mare, bitch, ewe and cat bear young? 



The age at which the various animals arrive at puberty varies in 

 different species and in individuals of species. Records show that 

 cows have given birth to young as early as 14 months, mares 22 

 months, bitch 8 months, ewe 13 months, and cat 10 months. 



It is undesirable to have a female bring forth young before she 

 has matured because of the dangers to her health and development. 

 Therefore breeders, as a rule, do not mate females until they have 

 reached ages as follows : Cow, 1 to 1% years ; mare, 4 to 5 years ; 

 bitch, 1 year ; ewe, 1 year ; cat, 1 year. 



What are some of the principal causes of sterility in domestic animals? 

 How may these conditions be overcome? 



(See subject of obstetrics, p. 293.) 



Neime the several external and internal parasites of sheep. 



External: Melophagus ovinus (sheep-tick), hematopinus stenop- 

 sis (sheep-louse), cestrus ovis (sheep gad-fly), sarcoptes scabei (face- 

 scab parasite), symbiotes communis (foot-scab parasite), psoroptes 

 communis (common scab parasite). 



Internal: CEstrusovis (grub in head), ccsnuruscerebr alls (gid), 

 strongylus filaria and rufescens (lung worms), strongylus convo- 

 lutus (stomach worm), oesophagostoma columbiana (nodular disease 

 in intestines), distoma hepaticum (fluke), tjenia expansa, alba and 

 fimbriata (tapewoirms) . 



