QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 365 



Give the process of dentition in the equine from birth to the age of 

 five (5) years. 



At birth or within two weeks after: The colt shows two tem- 

 porary nippers, above and below, and the first three temporary 

 grinders. 



Four to six weeks : The temporary intermediates appear. 



Six to nine months : The temporary corners appear. 



Ten to twelve months : The fourth molar erupts. 



Two years : The fifth molar erupts. 



Two and one-half to three years : The permanent nippers replace 

 the temporary ones and the first two premolars are replaced. 



Three and one-half to four years : The intermediates and third 

 premolars are replaced by permanent teeth. 



Four and one-half to five years : The permanent comers, canines, 

 and last molars erupt. 



What are the characteristics of a seven-year-old mouth? 



The tables of the nippers and intermediates are levelled (cups 

 gone) ; the ring of central enamel is wider anteroposteriorly and 

 shorter from side to side; the nippers are oval, the intermediates 

 becoming so. A notch is formed on the posterior surface of the 

 superior corners. 



State the advantages and disadvantges of a pair of mules over a pair 

 of horses. 



Advantages. Disadvantages. 



1. Less susceptible to digestive dis- Practically none. 



orders, laminitis, azoturia, glan- Many people are prejudiced against 

 ders, influenza, foot lameness, the mule for no valid reason, 



heat prostration, etc. The mule is not adapted to heavy draft 



2. Require less elaborate stables. work because of size. 



3. Longer period of serviceability. 



4. Stand hard usage better. 



