82 Principles of Plant Culture. 
Section X. TuHeE Bups 
128. Buds. Each growing point (67) of the stem is, in 
most plants, protected with a covering of rudimentary 
leaves or leaf-scales, and a growing point, with its leafy or 
scaly covering, constitutes a bud. Aside from the growing 
point, which in the stem exists only in the bud, a bud is 
simply a part of the stem in which the leaves and inter- 
nodes are in the embryo stage. 
A bud forming the apex of a shoot is called a terminal 
bud; one at the junction of a leaf with the stem (axil) is 
called an axillary or lateral bud (Fig. 35). 
In most perennial plants, the rudimentary 
leaves that form at the latter end of the 
growing season, near the terminus of the 
young shoots, are changed into bud-scales, 
which serve to protect the tender growing 
point within from excessive moisture and 
sudden changes in temperature. Axillary 
buds which have not yet formed leaves, 
are clothed with similar scales. Buds in- 
closed with scales are ofteu called winter 
Fic.35. Buds. buds. To more effectually shut out water, 
Cae the scales are coated in some plants, as the 
horse-chestnut and balm of Gilead, with a 
waxy or resinous layer, and to protect from too sudden 
changes of temperature, they are lined in other plants, as 
the apple, with a delicate cottony down.* 
* A vertical section of the onion bulb may be used as a magnified illustration 
of a bud as it appears in winter, and that of a head of cabbage, of a bud unfolding 
in spring. 
