The Buds. 83 
129. Nature Provides very Early for the Next 
Year’s Growth in perennial plants. With the expansion 
of each leaf, a tiny bud begins to form at its axil, destined 
if need be, to become a branch the following year. Some- 
times, however, especially in very vigorous shoots, the 
embryo buds at the axils of the earliest-formed leaves 
remain undeveloped. The more rapid the growth of the 
shoot, the less developed, as a rule, are the buds. 
130. Branches Develop from Lateral Leaf-Buds 
(132). In trees and shrubs (woody perennials), the lateral 
buds do not usually push into growth until the spring after 
their formation, unless the terminal bud isinjured. Indeed, 
they may never push into growth. Some lateral leaf-buds, 
especially those most distant from the terminal bud, through 
want of light or nutriment, usually remain dormant, and 
are overgrown by the enlarging stem the following year. 
Such overgrown buds, stimulated by destruction or injury 
of the stem above, sometimes push into growth years after 
their formation. 
We can usually decide if detached dormant shoots of trees 
and shrubs, as cions (379) and cuttings (358) are of the pre- 
ceding year’s growth or older, since, as a rule, only wood 
formed the preceding year has visible undeveloped buds, 
131. Adventitious (ad-ven-ti’-tious) Buds. Although 
buds are normally formed only at the nodes of the stem, 
they may, under the stimulus of unusual root pressure (102), 
be formed without regard to nodes. The trunk of a vigor- 
ous elm, willow or horse-chestnut tree, cut off early in the 
season, often develops a multitude of buds from the thickened 
cambium at the top of the stump, and a circle of shoots 
often springs up about the base of a tree of which the top 
