94 Principles of Plant Culture. 
has a long, yellow, petal-like appendage (Fig. 50) called a 
ray. The flowers bearing rays, are called ray-flowers. Some 
composite flowers are without ray-flowers, as, e. g., the tansy, 
(Tanacetum vulgare). 
149. The Flowers of the Grass Family (Graminez), 
to which the cereals belong, as well as corn, sorghum, sugar 
cane etc., are quite different from 
those of most other plants. In this 
family, the flowers are arranged in 
little groups, each of which is called 
. a spikelet. What we call a head 
4 
of wheat is made up of a number 
of spikelets, one of which is shown 
Fie 49, Fie. 50. in Fig. 51. Fig. 52 shows the 
Fig. 49. Floret of sunflower. : 4 
Higs5h,  Haglomer of antec; spikelet dissected. The two 
Fic. 51. Fie. 52. Fic. 53. 
Fig. 5t. Spikelet of wheat; st.stamens (After Lamout and Decaisne). 
Fig. 52. The same dissected. x, axis of spikelet; g.glumes; b1, b2, outer pales; 
Bi, B2, flowers displaced from the axis of outer pales; ps, inner pales; a, anthers; 
f, ovary. (After Prantl). 
Fig. 53. Flower of wheat, enlarged; st. stamens; p, pistil; 0, ovary. (After 
Lamout and Decaisne). 
scale-like parts at the base, g.g. are called glumes. The 
similar pair above, tipped with a bristle (the awn or beard) 
are called the lower or outer pales or palets (pa’-lets) or flow- 
