138 Principles of Plant Culture. 
reducing assimilation (59). Compare Fig. 64, which shows 
a fruit branch of the apple tree grown where exposed to 
abundant sunlight, with Fig, 65, showing 
one grown in partial shade.* 
244. Blanching of certain vege- 
tables, as celery, endive, cardoon and 
sea kale is practiced by gardeners to 
render them more tender and delicate. 
It is effected by excluding the light from 
the parts desired for use, until the 
chlorophyll mostly disappears. Bank- 
ing the plants with earth, or inclosing 
them in paper or in drain-tile, accom- 
plishes the end. Very close planting is 
sometimes practiced to promote blanch- 
ing. 
Section IV. THe PLant as AFFECTED 
BY UNFAVORABLE WIND 
A—By Excessive WIND 
245. Damage to trees and other 
plants by excessive wind is very familiar, 
and needs but brief notice, except to 
suggest preventive measures. 
a— The premature blowing off of fruits 
may be in a measure prevented by 
planting fruit trees where they are more 
or less sheltered from prevailing winds 
by shade trees, buildings, forests or ele- 
vations of land. Orchards may be in 
part protected by planting a wind-break 
(204) on the windward side. 
Fie. 64. Fie. 65. 
Fig.64. Fruit branch of 
apple grown in abundant 
light. 
Fig. 65. Another grown 
in partial shade. 
F, fruit-buds; L, leaf- 
buds. (After Kinney). 
* See Bulletin No. 37, Rhode Island Agricultural Experiment Station. 
