Propagation by Grafting. 211 
should be made horizontally, to give the two cions inserted 
an equal opportunity for growth. Should both the cions in 
a branch grow, the weaker one 
should be pruned off later. As 
growth starts, shoots from the 
stock must be rubbed off (390). 
Fic. 115. Branches of tree to 
be top-grafted, as seen from Fic. 116. Cleft-graft in trunk of old grape 
above, showing where to insert vine. The cions are usually inserted below the 
the cions to make a well-formed surface of the ground, and no wax is used. 
head, i. e., at the dotted lines. (After Bailey). 
The spring following the top-grafting, all or a part of the 
branches left on the stock at grafting should be pruned off 
to encourage growth of the grafts. If the tree 
is large, and of a vigorous variety, it is wise 
to leave a part of these branches until the 
second spring. 
393. Side-Grafting, is chiefly practiced 
with plants in leaf, under glass. The cion is 
joined at the side of the stock, which is usually 
# not cut off, and is secured in place by wrap- 
ee genenet ping tightly with bast* or raffia. Three 
ready fortying. slightly different methods are in use. 
a — A shaving of bark, sufficiently thick to reach into the 
cambium layer, is removed from the side of the stock by 
* Bast is the fibrous inner bark of the bass-wood or linden tree, (Tilia). It was 
formerly much used for tying grafts and bus, but has beep largely supplanted by 
rafia, which comes from a palm of the genus Raphia. Raffia may be purchased of 
dealers in nursery supplies. 
