Propagation by Grafting. 213 
expand until the following spring; thus the shoots growing 
from the inserted bud will have the whole season for growth 
and maturity. With plants that unite freely, and with the 
stock in the proper condition, 
395. Success in Budding Depends Upon 
a— A fresh condition of the buds, which must not be in the 
least shriveled from dryness. 
b —The proper removal and insertion of the bud, of which the 
growing point (67) must not be injured. If this comes out, 
leaving the bud-scales partially hollow, the bud will not 
grow, if inserted upon the stock. The bud should be in- 
serted promptly to avoid loss of moisture. 
c—The proper wrapping of the wounded bark, to prevent 
evaporation and exclude moisture. The ligature should not 
cover the bud. 
d—The removal of the ligature after the union, to permit 
expansion of the stock. 
e—The cutting off the stock just beyond the bud, when 
the latter commences growth, to stimulate its development. 
Two methods of budding are in use, viz., 7- or shield-bud- 
ding and ring- or annular-budding. 
396. In T-Budding, which is much the more common 
and the more expeditious method, a short shaving, contain- 
ing a hard and plump bud and cut deep enough to reach 
through the cambium (Fig. 119), is inserted beneath the 
bark of the cion, as described for side-grafting (393c). 
The buds, which should be plump and mature, and of the 
variety it is desired to propagate, are taken from shoots of 
the current season’s growth. These shoots (‘bud sticks ’’) 
(Fig. 118) should be cut the day the buds are to be inserted, 
and should be trimmed at once, and rolled in damp cloth, to 
prevent loss of moisture. The trimming consists in cutting 
