Appendix. 261 
slightly damp earth. The next day, deterinine the increase 
in volume of the three lots. 
(b) — Upon the points of contact. Determine the volume of 
two samples of navy beans, placing one sample in moist soil 
without compacting, and the second in the same kind of soil 
well compacted about the seeds. Determine the volume of 
the two samples again the next day. 
(c)— Upon temperature. Repeat the above with two sam- 
ples of navy beans, placing one Jot in a temperature of 80° 
to 90° degrees F., and the other in one of 40° to 50° F. 
Germination (28). An exercise in testing seeds with the 
apparatus shown in Fig. 5. 
Moisture essential to germination (29). Soak one lot of navy 
beans in water until they are fully swollen, and another lot 
until they are about half swollen. Wipe the beans as dry 
as possible, put each lot into a bottle, cork the bottles, and 
set them in a warm room. The fully-swollen beans will 
generally germinate promptly, while the others will not. 
Oxygen essential to germination (31). Perform the saucer 
experiment as described. 
Also place seeds of rice in two bottles, and add to each 
water that has been boiled 20 minutes; cover the water in 
one bottle with a little olive- or cotton-seed oil. It is im- 
portant to soak the seeds a short time in boiled water 
before putting them in the bottles to remove the air in con- 
tact with their seed-cases. 
Germination hastened by soaking seeds (36). Soak seeds of 
Indian corn two or three hours in warm water, and let each 
student place in a seed tester a sample of the soaked seeds, 
with one of other seeds of the same kind that have not been 
soaked. 
Germination hastened by mutilating the seed-case (37). This 
may be illustrated with seeds of the navy bean, in the seed 
tester. 
The plantlet (41). Place seeds of radish, onion etc., loosely 
on the surface of a saucer filled with fine moist loam; keep 
the surface moist and note the repeated attempts of the 
hypocoty] to enter the soil. 
Seeds of the pumpkin family should be planted flatwise (43). 
Plant seeds of the pumpkin or squash, in the three positions 
indicated, in large greenhouse saucers. Cover each saucer 
with a pane of glass and place all in a warm room until the 
