Index. 
Root grafts, tool for planting, 228. 
Root growth excited by moisture, 62; 
rate of, 74. 
Root-hairs absorb water with consider- 
able force, 70; apply themselves to 
soil particles, 65, 69; dissolve soil par- 
ticles, 69; nature of, 47, 68; show need 
of roots for air, 64. 
Root- killing of trees, 117. 
Root pruning to promote flowering and 
fruiting, 245; stimulates root branch- 
ing, 71, 73. 
Root tubercles, 75. 
Roots, depths of, in soil, 73; destroyed 
by excessive water in soil, 127; growth 
of in length, 67; horizontal extent of, 
73; of trees, puddling, 222; only 
youngest active in absorption, 70; 
oxygen necessary to life of, 63; pro- 
perly and improperly planted, 225; 
relation of, to food supply, 75: replant- 
ing the, 225; start from hypocotyl, 33: 
trimming of, prior to planting, 224; 
washing, of puddled plants, 224; wet- 
ting, prior to planting, 223. 
Root-tip, how penetrates the soil, 67. 
Root-tips, formation of should be en- 
couraged, 70. 
Rosin washes, 155. 
Round of plant life, the, 108. 
Sacking the roots of trees, 221. 
Saltpeter, 145. 
Sap defined, 44. 
Sap, flow of in spring, 58. 
Sap-sprouts on fruit trees, 130. 
Saw, pruning, 247. 
Science and art defined, 9; how best 
learned, 10. 
Scientific names, why used, 19. 
Scion, 203. 
Screens for shading young plants, 134, 
135. 
Season for pruning, 235. 
Seed, 98; age of, as affecting the result- 
ing crop, 103; maturing of, injures 
fodder crops, 99; plantlet visible in, 
38; production of exhausts plants, 98; 
selection, importance of, 252, vigor of 
plantlet proportionate to size of, 36; 
273 
vitality, conditions affecting duration 
of, 102. 
Secd-case defined, 22; influence of on 
absorption of water by seeds, 22; in 
germination, 31; is useless after ger- 
mination commences, 32; plantlet 
may need help zo burst, 33. 
Seeding, prevention of, prolongs the 
“life of plants, 99. 
Seed-leaves defined , 33. 
Seedlings, pricking off young, 73; selec- 
tion of crossed, 256; variation pro- 
duced by growing, 252; young, injured 
by unobstructed rays of sun, 134. 
Seeds absorb water by contact, 21; a few 
germinate in water, 26; drying of, 
how affecting their vitality, 103; ear- 
lier germinating, form more vigorous 
plantlets, 36; gathering and storing 
of, 100; germination hastened by 
soaking, 28, germination hastened by 
mutilating seed-case, 29; how deep 
should they be planted ? 36; immature 
vs. ripe, 101; in which hypocotyl 
lengthens must be planted shallow, 
35; nature of, 15; of pumpkin family 
should be planted flatwise, 33, rate at 
which they absorb water, 21; should 
be tested before planting, 29; should 
not be planted until soil becomes 
warm, 27; stored, moisture an enemy 
to,102; stratification of, 104; very small, 
should not be covered, 37; vitality of, 
limited py age, 101; why cover, at 
planting, 31; why they fail to germi- 
nate, 29; testing, directions for, 29; 
-tester described, 29. 
Selection a means of fixing variations, 
251; of crossed seedlings, 256; of seed, 
importance of, 252; of subjects for 
crossing, 253; principle of, 16. 
Self pollination, 96. 
Sepal, 91. 
Sexual reproduction, 15. 
Shading plants after transplanting, 233. 
Shears, hedge, 248; lever, 248; pole, 248, 
pruning, 248. 
Shed screen for shading young plants, 
134, 
