160 THE BEE-HIVES. 



in producing extracted honey (749) these bridges and brace 

 combs do not annoy much. 



326. It is necessary that tUe hive should always slant 

 forward, toward the entrance, when occupied by bees, to 

 facilitate the carrying out of dead bees and other useless 

 substances, to aid the colony in protecting itself against 

 robbers, to carry off moisture, and prevent rain from beat- 

 ing into the hive. 



SSy. For this, and other reasons, the combs should run 

 from front to rear, — so as to hang perpendicularly, — and not 

 from side to side as they do in the Berlepsch hive. 



328. The Langstroth hive, from the simple form given 

 in fig. 59, was improved upon in many different ways. The 

 Standard Langsti'(jth hive has been for a long time a hive 



70. 

 VAN DEUSEN CLAMP. 



with portico, honey-board, permanent bottom-board, and ten 

 frames. 



329. The morahle honey-hoard, between the brood- 

 chamber and the upper stories, has been discarded of late 

 years, the great objection to honey-boards being that the bees 

 glue them, and build small pieces of comb or bridges, in the 

 space between them and the frames; the jar of their break- 

 ing, when the honey -beard is removed, angering the bees. 



330. The permanent bottom-hoard has lost favor with the 

 great majoritj' of Ijee-keepers, and is now replaced by mova- 

 ble bollom-boards adjustable at wilL The Van Deusen hive- 

 clamp (fig. 70), is used by many Apiarists for fastening 

 movable bottoms or additional stories. "We have discarded 

 the permanent bottom-board, owing to the difficulty of 



