24 ANTHOLOGY: THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE FLOWER 



standing of morphology requires, therefore, that we keep in mind the 

 following facts relating to the internode, node, leaf, branch, and super- 

 imposed phytomer. 



1. Any of them may remain more or less undeveloped. 



2. There is a definite and regular arrangement as to position of the 

 leaves upon the stem in most cases. 



3. Several leaves and as many branches may develop from one node. 



4. The branch normally develops as a bud in the leaf-axil, and con- 

 versely a leaf, in some form, is normally at the base of each branch in 

 its rudimentary condition. 



Fig. 1. Leafy twig of willow, its phytony;rs separated, u, leaf; b, axillary bud; c, node; d, internode. 



5. All growth developing in the leaf-axil, with the exception of hairs 

 and similar appendages, is a manifestation of the branch. 



6. All organs of the plant which we consider, except the root, the 

 hairs, etc., are constructed of the above parts in some modified form. 



Certain necessary qualifications of the above statements can be made 

 only when we come to the study of the stem, and these do not involve 

 any failure to understand correctly the principles of anthology. 



Propagation by Nodes. — Before proceeding to consider the forms of 

 structural modification of phytomers in the development from them of 



