34 ANTHOLOGY: THE GENERAL NATURE OF THE FLOWER 



Relation of the Flower and its Parts to the Branch and its Leaves. — The 



relation of these parts to their branch may be displayed by comparing 

 the leafy stem of a lily with the dissection of a lily flower (Fig. 20). 



Fig. 20. Diagram showing homology between leafy stem and flower of hly, the lowest whorl of former 

 corresponding to the calyx of latter, the second to the corolla, the third and fourth to the two sets 

 of stamens, the uppermost to the carpels, the torus to the branch. 



The Epicalyx. — What appears to be a double calyx, or one calyx 

 outside of another, is frequently seen. This appearance is sometimes 



Fig. 21. "Bad oi CalUrrhoe. a, epicalyx; 6, calyx; c, corolla. 22. The same expanded. 23. Apetalous 

 flower of liepatica. u, torus; b, calyx. 24. The same, calyx removed, a, the torus showing the epi- 

 calyx as distant. 



due to the actual manifestation of two circles, as in the mustard; at 

 others to appendaging (see Fig. 36), but usually to a circle of modified 



