THE AURICLE 57 



the Lower or Outer (6). It is always of importance to note the number 

 of lobes included in each lip, in doing which the student may be misled 

 either by chorisis, one or more extra lobes making their appearance, 

 or, far more frequently, by cohesion, two lobes coalescing into one so 

 as to simulate suppression. Two forms of the bilabiate corolla are 

 commonly recognized — the Ringent in which the lips stand widely 

 apart (Fig. Ill), and the Personate, in which the mouth is occluded 

 (Fig. 109). 



Several distinctive titles are applied to flower-forms which are 

 characteristic of large and important families or sub-families, the 

 Labiate being one. Another is the Papilionaceous, in reference to its 

 simulation of the form of a butterfly (Papilio), as in the common Pea 

 (Fig. 110). The five petals are as follows: Two (a) are more or less 

 coherent by their lower edges to form the Body or Keel ; two others (6) 

 are denominated the Wings; the fifth (c) is large, broad, and commonly 

 reflexed so as to appear erect, and is called the Vexillum or Standard. 



Caryophyllaceous and Cruciferous Corollas. — Special names have also 

 been applied to the choripetalous corollas characteristic of the pink 

 and mustard families. The former, the Carophyllaceous corolla (Fig. 

 72), consists of flve petals, each with a long, slender claw extending to 

 the summit of an elongated calyx, and there expanding abruptly into 

 a broad limb. The other, the Cruciferous corolla, has four petals, of 

 similar structure and form, so placed as to present the form of a cross. 



Appendages. — Appendages to the perigone, while less numerous and 

 varied than in the case of the other organs, call for our careful attention, 

 as they sometimes occasion false interpretations. In the sense in which 

 the term is here employed, we do not refer to hairs and similar out- 

 growths which modify the surface of the parts, and which pertain 

 equally to other parts of the plant, but to developments which pertain 

 distinctly to the flower, modifying its structure or functions, or com- 

 monly both, in some important way. 



The Auricle. — In Nicandra (Fig. 113) we observe a slight appendage 

 at the base of the calyx-lobe on either side and directed downward. 

 Such an appendage, because of its resemblance to the lobe of the ear, 

 is called an Auricle. Its appearance is somewhat exaggerated in this 

 case, owing to the fact that the calyx is inflated. Smaller auricles are 

 seen at the base of the calyx of Lobelia (Fig. 153). A similar appendage 

 is sometimes directed upward, and by its union with the contiguous 

 one forms an organ exactly resembling an intermediate or false sepal, 

 as in the Strawberry (Fig. 36). Such appendages, which undergo 



