CLASSES OF BUDS 169 



CLASSIFICATION OF BUDS 



Buds proper admit of an elaborate classification, which, although not 

 of such interest in pharmacognosy as to warrant its study here, is of 

 fundamental importance in systematic botany, and furnishes a key to 

 many problems which are otherwise abstruse. 



Vernation and Praefoliation. — The study of buds is called Vernation, 

 and that of the arrangement of the leaves composing them Praefoliation. 

 In general, the arrangement of leaves in the bud admits of the use of 

 terms similar to those applied to the parts of the perigone in a similar 

 state. 



Classes of Buds. — Buds may be classified as to their structural form, 

 their position, and parts. . A winter bud which protects itself by specially 

 developed scales is known as a Scaly bud; one which does not, a Naked 

 bud. A bud consisting only of leaves is a Leaf bud; one only of a flower, 

 a Flower bud; one consisting of both, a Mixed bud. Sohtary buds 

 occurring in the axil of the leaf and developing at the regular time are 

 called Normal buds. Any buds in addition to the normal bud, occurring 

 in the leaf axil, are called Supernumerary. They may be situated above 

 or at the side of the normal bud. The normal bud is sometimes situ- 

 ated a little above the actual axil, in which case it is called Supra-axillary. 

 All the buds here noted are denominated Lateral, in contradistinction 

 to the single terminal bud, but it is to be noted particularly that buds 

 lateral as to their origin may become terminal through the effects of 

 sympodial growth. Buds which develop at other points than the apex 

 or axil — as, for instance, from an internode, a leaf, or, rarely, even from 

 a root, as well as those of axillary origin, but developing out of their 

 regular order — are called Adventitious. The latter form of adven- 

 titious buds, when resulting from retarded development, are known as 

 Latent buds. 



