Cojitents. vii 



CHAPTER X. 



EUROPEAN PLAKS OF FOREST MANAGEMEKT. 



Method of Selection — Coppice-growth — Woodlands grown to full Ma- 

 turity — European Forest Administrations — Schools of Forestry — 

 Planting of Dunes — Reboisement — Checking of Torrents — Covering 

 denuded Slopes — Plantations in Scotland 96-113 



CHAPTER XI. 



ORNAMENTAL PLAKTIXG. 



Pleasures and Benefits — Home-adornment — Village-Improvement and 

 the planting of Waysides — City Parks — Rural Cemeteries — Grounds 

 around Public Institutions 113-127 



CHAPTER XII. 



HEDGES, SCREENS AND SHELTER-EEI.TS. 



Hedges and Screens — Shelter-belts — Planting along Railroads — Plant- 

 ing on Russian Steppes 127-137 



CHAPTER XIII. 



CUTTING AND SEASONING OP WOOD. DEFECTS IN TIMBER. 



Proper Time for Cutting — Seasoning of Woods — Shrinkage — Strength 

 of Wood with respect to Lines of Growth — Defects of Various 

 kinds 137-144 



CHAPTER XIV. 



rUEL. CHARCOAL. WOOD-GAS. 



Qualities desirable in Wood for Fuel — Charcoal — Table of Heating 

 Qualities of Wood, by Mr. Bull — Modes of making Charcoal — Meilers 

 or Coal-pits — Kilns — Red Charcoal — Distilled Products — Illuminat- 

 ing Wood-gas 144-154 



CHAPTER XV. 



FOREST FIRES. 



Their Causes — Prevention — Control 154-159 



CHAPTER XVI. 



PROTECTION FROM OTHER INJURIES THAN FIRES. 



Pasturage of Woodlands — Injuries to Seeds and Seedlings by Wild 

 Animals i 159-161 



