20 Measurement of Evaporation and Fercolation. 



level with a line, N, M, and left. When next observed, the -water 

 is drawn down to A, and the scale will show liow much has been 

 ■wasted by evaporation. More water is added, and the scale is 

 again set. 



81. By a simpler plan, known as Piche's evaporator, a plain grad- 

 uated glass tube, with its lower end open and ground flat, is tilled 

 with water. A disc of paper, first wet, is applied. It is then turned, 

 with the closed end up, and the paper is found to adhere by atmos- 

 pheric pressure. It continues wet, and by evaporation the water 

 wastes away, the amount of loss being shown on the scale. 



82. An open cylindrical dish of water may be used, the depth 

 being measured at the beginning and end of the observation, and 

 the loss supplied from time to time. The measurement may be 

 made vertically by a scale, or by volume in a graduated meas- 

 uring cup, or by weighing. It is necessary to cover with a wire 

 screen, to prevent birds from bathiug in it. 



83. By an instrument shown in the annexed cut, the evapora- 

 tion from soils, either 

 naked or covered with 

 grass, litter, or herb- 

 age, or by small grow- 

 ing trees, may be meas- 

 ured. The zinc-lined 

 box, A, is connected 

 with a reservoir of 

 water, C, through a 

 valve, E, so as to keep 

 wet up to a certain 

 level. The water may 

 be di-awn off from the 



faucet. The amount supplied from time to time shows the rate of 

 evaporation. 



84. The percolation of water through soils is measured by a 

 Lysimeter. It consists of a vessel of known area at the surface, A, 

 set in the ground, and the surface either clear or covered with litter, 

 herbage, etc. The rains that fall on the surface filter down to the 

 tube, C, and are measured in the receiver, D. 



Instrument for Measuring the Evaporation from 

 Soils. 



