96 European Plans of Forest Management. 



transaction. After advertisement for sixty days, if no adverse 

 claim is filed, the land may be conveyed. This act does not re- 

 serve land covered by timber and fit for -cultivation from the opera- 

 tion of the homestead or pre-emption laws. A person resident on a 

 timber claim has been allowed to change it to a homestead entry, 

 upon relinquishing the former, under section 3, Act of May 14, 1880. 

 Applicants are not allowed to remove the timber from the land em- 

 braced in their application prior to making proof and payment. 



CHAPTER X. 



EUROPEAN PLANS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



359. In countries where Forestry has been studied with most 

 care, several different systems of management have been devised, 

 in each of which certain advantages may be gained when properly 

 employed. The preference that should be given to one or another, 

 must in all cases be determined by the circumstances and conditions. 

 They are as follows : 



(1.) Mtihod of Selection.^ 



360. In this method, the trees are cut out here and there, leaving 

 others not yet mature to grow to their full size. It is the same plan 

 that we see in common use, in the tracts of woodland reserved upon 

 farms, in the older parts of the United States, where the timber is 

 cut out here and there, as it is wanted for particular uses, or as it 

 begins to decay. 



361. It is also employed to some extent in the cutting of trees for 

 lumber, chiefly in pine, cedar, or spruce forests, where all the trees 

 above a certain diameter are cut out, and those of smaller size are 

 left, until the tract can again be cut over in like manner. 



362. It results from this management, that the forest always 

 presents a great diversity of growth of young trees among the old, 

 and the actual amount of wood upon such a tract is generally much 

 less than where a great uniformity in size and age has been main- 

 tained. As too often practiced upon farms, if cattle and sheep are 

 allowed to pasture in such woods, the seedlings and youno- sprouts 



'Called by the French "Jorrfinajre," literally "gardening;" or sometimes 

 "fueringe," that is, "stealing" here and thei'e from the forest, as described 



in the text. 



