The White Oak. 



217 



land on which it formed a principal part of the timber, generally has 

 proved when brought under cultivation to be well adapted for 



123. Italian Oak: Very coarse, 

 but strong when fully ripened. 





124. Italian Oak: Coarse, but 



very strong. 



wheat. It derives its name from the whitish color of the bark. The 

 wood has a slightly reddish tinge, and although not as heavy and 

 compact as the common English oak, it is solid, strong, and durable, 

 and is found excellent for heavy timber-work, and for all kinds of 

 structures requiring durability and strength. It is extensively used 

 for staves, agricultural implements, carriage and car-building, cab- 

 inet wares, fencing, and various farm purposes, and is a favorite wood 

 in ship-building. Like the European oaks above described, the 

 quality of the wood differs according to the nature of the soil in 

 which it has grown, being relatively more dense, strong, and dura- 

 ble when grown in a warm climate and upon a rich and moderately 

 humid, clayey loam. 



861. This timber has been largely exported from the northern 

 borders of the United States, and from Canada by way of the St. 

 Lawrence to England, and in districts where it was once abundant 

 it is now scarce. A considerable amount that leaves the port of 

 Quebec is now brought from Michigan and other states bordering 

 upon the lakes. In floating this timber it is usually made up into 

 rafts with pine, to give it greater bouyancy. 



862. The Live Oak (Quercus virens), is an evergreen tree found 



