The Magnolias. 295 



sown in fall, ■with a covering of straw or litter in the winter, and in 

 the second or third year they may be re-set in the nursery. It is 

 hard to transplant this tree when it gets of much size. It should be 

 done in spring, and without cutting back the head. As it tends to 

 put out lateral branches when young, it should be somewhat crowded 

 until it gets to sufficient height. If trimmed, it should not be done 

 in sap-season, and the wounds should be covered with some substance 

 that will exclude the air. 



1205. The "Swamp Laueel," or "Beaver Tree" (Magnolia 

 glavxxb), has large oval leaves, that remain on in winter, and large 

 fragrant and showy white blossoms. It is not of much account for 

 its wood, but is valued as an ornamental shrub. It occurs native 

 in swamps as far northward as Cape Ann, in Massachusetts, but 

 thrives best in Southern New Jersey and further south along the 

 Atlantic Coast. 



1206. The " Laege-Flowered Magnolia" of the Southern 

 States (Magnolia grandijlora) is a magnificent evergreen tree, with 

 oval lanceolate leaves, rusty on the under side. It grows in the 

 low country of the Southern States, and when in blossom it is un- 

 questionably the most showy of American trees. The flowers are 

 very fragrant. 



1207. As cultivated in Europe, this tree forms many varieties, 

 differing in the form and size of the leaves, the earlier or later ap- 

 pearance of its blossoms, their size, and other peculiarities. The 

 most esteemed in France are la Maillardiere and la Galisscmiere. 

 When propagated from seed, they should be sown as soon as ripe, 

 in a light moist soil, and the young plants require careful nursing 

 when young. The varieties are multiplied by grafting by approach. 



1208. The Umbrella Tree (Magnolia umbrella) grows in the in- 

 terior, as far north as Pennsylvania, chiefly in moist and wooded 

 valleys, along aud near the mountains. 



1209. The Heart-leaved Magnolia (Magnolia cordata) has de- 

 ciduos leaves, which are broad, heart-shaped, and slightly downy 

 beneath, and flowers that are yellowish and faintly streaked with 

 red. It occurs sj)aringly in the interior and mountahious portions 

 of the Southern States. 



1210. The Large-leaved Magnolia (Magnolia macrophyUa') has 

 a smooth stem, with little branches, whitish bark, large deciduous 

 leaves, one to three feet long and six to eight inches wide, and large 

 white fragrant flowers tinged with purple. 



