4 RATIONAL FRUIT CULTURE. 



stones, cutting out rings of bark, and so forth. All these 

 methods have been superseded by lifting at intervals or root- 

 pruning. 



LIFTING. 



Lifting should be performed in the second or third year 

 after planting. A trench is dug round the tree after the 



Fig. I.— An old mithod of controlling tlu food-tupply ol a tr«o a wire lastoned tightly 

 round It and now embeddod In the bark. 



loiives have fallen; any long thick roots are severed with a 

 shiirp knife or saw; and the troe, with u large hail of earth, is 



