RATIONAL FRUIT CULTURE 



41 



if the branches are satisfactory, but, if they are insufficient in 

 number or badly placed, so that some have to be cut back 

 severely, it should be shortened, in order to turn the sap into 

 them and make them grow and thicken. A new shoot will 

 then start upwards, close to the point at which the stem was 

 shortened, and will take the place of the part cut off. In 



j>6- — : 



Fig. 15.— A Standard Pruned. 



