RATIONAL FRUIT CULTURE. 57 



to other plants in summer, and return in September. Spray 

 with soap wash or parafi&n emulsion. See also "Woolly Aphis. 



Massel Scale. — Apple, Fear, and Plum. Small mussel- 

 like brown or grey insects, they attach themselves firmly to 

 branches and fruit, as well as to foliage, the eggs remaining 

 under the scaly coverings when the females die. Paraffin 

 emulsion in June; Woburn wash in winter. 



Pear-Leaf Blister Mite. — ^Pear. Invisible to the naked 

 eye; they cause numbers of small, green, red or brown 

 blisters on the leaves. Paraffin emulsion at the end of May. 

 Also, take off and bum all blistered leaves. 



Red Spider. — Apple, Pear, Plum, and Peach. Minute 

 brownish insects, chiefly on the lower side of the leaves, where 

 they lay their eggs in grey webs; they feed on the leaves from 

 spring to autmnn, and turn them a mottled, sickly colour. 

 Paraffin emulsion, with the addition of liver of sulphur at 

 the rate of a quarter of an ounce to the gallon. It does not 

 destroy the eggs, and as they hatch in batches, it should be 

 applied every day until the foliage is clean. 



INSECT THAT EATS HOLES IN THE LEAVES. 



Flam Weevil. — Plum. Small, black, reddish-legged 

 beetles; they damage the buds, and often the bark, as well as 

 the foliage, in spring and summer, and spend the winter in 

 the ground. Hoe frequently to expose them to birds and in 

 autumn apply a dressing of soot and lime round the trees. 



INSECT THAT EATS THE UPPER SURFACE OF THE LEAVES. 



Pear and Cherry Sawfly. — Apple, Pear, Plum, and 

 Cherry. Small, black fly, which appears about the end of 

 May. The slimy, dark-green or black larvae are called slug- 

 worms. From Jime to October they feed on the upper surface 

 of the leaves, the lower surface remaining as a white skin. 

 Spray with Paris green. 



