RATIONAL FRUIT CULTURE. 63 



Spray with paraf&n emulsion as soon as the fruit is gathered, 

 and in winter with Woburn wash. 



Codling Moth. — Apple, Pear. The moths (small, grey and 

 yellow, with brown markings) lay their eggs singly on the 

 young fruits in May and June, and the tiny caterpillars bore 

 into the fruits and bring them down prematurely, in the 

 same way as the larvae of the Apple sawfly. They hibernate 

 on the trees and under dead leaves, rubbish, and so forth. 

 Destroy fallen fruit, spray with Paris green within ten days 

 of the time the blossom falls (so that some of it gets into the 

 still open eye, at which the caterpillars enter), and in winter 

 spray with Woburn wash. As the caterpillars crawl up and 

 down the trees, many of them can be trapped in bands of 

 sacking tied round the stems early in summer ,and frequently 

 examined. 



Mussel Scale. — This insect is found on the fruit, as well 

 as on the leaves and shoots. See p. 57. 



Pear Midge. — Pear. The midges (small, grey, with long 

 antennae and legs) appear in April and May, and lay their 

 eggs in the buds or blossoms. The larvae bore into the fruit, 

 leaving just before, or just after, it falls to the ground in June. 

 They spend the winter in cocoons, about two inches below the 

 surface. Spray with paraffin emulsion when the blossoms 

 first show colour; destroy fallen fruit; dress the ground with 

 half a ton of kainit to the acre at the beginning of June; skim 

 off in winter the top two inches of soil, and bum or bury it 

 deeply. 



Winter Moths. — The caterpillars eat the blossoms, as well 

 as the leaves. See p. 60. 



Wasps and Ants are generally included in this class. The 

 latter are supposed to make holes in the fruit, but it is more 

 likely that the holes, in which they are sometimes found, are 



