RATIONAL FRUIT CULTURE. 65 



can easily be identified by the white, woolly patches with 

 which they cover themselves. They pierce the bark, suck the 

 sap, and in time cause serious wounds, surrounded by rugged 

 bark, and generally infected with canker. (See pages 71 and 

 72.) The aphides do not always .remain on the branches, but 

 migrate to the roots. Eggs are laid on the trees in autumn, 

 and many females hibernate in crevices in the bark. Apply 

 paraffin emulsion or spirits of wine with a hard brush to 

 the white patches, and throw soot and lime thickly on the 

 ground close to the trunks, to prevent the insects on the 

 roots from ascending; in winter spray with Woburn wash. 



