72 RATIONAL FRUIT CULTURE. 



and, finaJly, on the fruits, which remain small and crack 

 badly. Spray, as soon as the attack is noticed, with Bor- 

 deaux mixture, at no more than half its usual strength; if it 

 is stronger, the leaves will be injured. Burn all diseased 

 fruit. In winter spray with a solution of sulphate of copper 

 (one pound in twenty-five gallons of water) . 



Brown Rot. — Apple, Pear, Plimi, Cherry. The fungus 

 first attacks the leaves, causing superficial olive-green patches, 

 which often escape notice. It spreads to the young shoots, or 

 twigs, which may be killed, and to the fruit in the form 

 of patches of grey tufts, usually in concentric rings, the fruit 

 drying up and not falling. When the leaves are small, spray 

 with Bordeaux mixture at half-strength; in winter remove 

 and burn all dead wood and dried fruit, and spray heavily with 

 copper-sulphate solution. 



Canker. — Apple; less often Pear and Plum. Wounds, 

 surrounded by ridges of rough bark, appear on the branches, 

 and in time extend all round them. Towards the end of 

 summer white specks of the fungus may be noticed in the 

 ridges, and in spring tiny, red globules. Cut off and bum 

 all badly-affected branches, and when the white specks show 

 paint the diseased parts with a solution of iron sulphate, one 

 pound to the gallon of water. As the disease is always asso- 

 ciated with woolly aphis, it is probable that this insect causes 

 the injuries which admit the infecting spores. 



Cherry-Leaf Scorch. — Cherry. The leaves wither on the 

 affected branches, and hang on them all winter. They carry 

 infection into the next year. If they are all gathered and 

 burned, the disease is stamped out, unless there is an infected 

 area nc^ir from which fresh spores can come. 



Chlorosis. — Plum, and many other kinds of trees. 

 Though this discus*' is not known to be due to a fungus, it 

 may be mentioned here. The leaves lo.'ie their green colour 

 owing (o the disappearance of the chlorophyll, and become 



