98 RATIONAL FRUIT CULTURE. 



RASPBERRIES, BLACKBERRIES, \.\D LOOA.NBERRIES. 



As Easpberries, Blackberries, and Loganberries are very 

 similar in their habit of growth, they may be classed together. 

 The canes of all three are biennial in their duration. They 

 grow one year and fruit and die the next, being then replaced 

 by young canes. When they are planted — Raspberries one 

 foot apart, with four feet between the rows, and Blackberries 

 and Loganberries, about eight feet apart, against a trellis or 

 some similar support — they should be cut down to the ground, 

 in order to strengthen the young canes which will start in 

 spring. Unless this is done, the sap, instead of being con- 

 fined to the young canes, is divided between them and the 

 older ones which will be cut away in autumn, and, in conse- 

 quence, the plants which at the same time have to form a 

 new root-system after their disturbance, will be permanently 

 weakened. They should be grown in rich, moist soil, for which 

 reason a mulch of manure in summer is useful. As their roots 

 keep close to the surface, digging among them should be 

 avoided as much as possible. All Raspberry suckers not 

 wanted for extending the rows or filling gaps should be removed 

 early, and as soon as the crop is gathered the old canes should 

 be cut down close to the ground. The young canes should be con- 

 fined to six or seven to a plant, the strongest, of course, being 

 selected. The weak unripened tips may be taken off in autumn 

 and the canes should be tied to their supports. 



Blackberries and Loganberries are generally propagated by 

 means of layers of the young shoots. They root very quickly. 



PESTS OF THE RASPBERRY. 



There are three pests of the Raspberry, which deserve 

 notice — the Raspberry licelie, Raspbeny-stem caterpillar, and 

 Ra.splieiTy spot. Rlackhcrries and Loganberries are rarely 

 attacked by any serious diseases. 



