64 THB PRINOIPAL USES OF WOOD. 



Bullock hoes, being confined to the teak-producing provinces, 

 are made of teak, the shaft and yoke being of the same woods as in 

 the plough. 



In harrows and rakes the teeth must be made of some strong 

 tough wood that wears well under constant heavy friction. Sissu 

 and babul are the species mostly used. 



For clod-crushers and rollers any hard and heavy wood will 

 answer, the heavier the better, such as Hardwichia binata, sal, 

 Mesua ferrea, babul, &c. 



Small wood is so cheap and easily obtainable in most parts of 

 India, that for poles and other supports for climbing plants any 

 wood that will last through one season is considered good enough, 

 except in the case of well-kept gardens and orchards, when only 

 the most durable woods, such as teak, s^l, &c., are used. 



Forks for hay-making and for lifting up branches (especially 

 thorny ones) for hedging purposes consist of a single stem ter- 

 minated by two equal branches starting from the same point. 

 The wood should be light and at the same time very strong and 

 tough. The same qualities are required in wood for the handles 

 of picks, hoes, spades, shovels, axes, cScc. Solid bamboos are excel- 

 lent for axes, hoes and picks, the thicker end being cut just below 

 a knot that cannot slip through the eye. Species of Zizyphus 

 and Grewia also make very good tool handles. In the Western 

 Himalayas axe handles made of Cotoneaster bacillaris often last 

 three years. 



AeTIOLB 15. TiMBEE FOR VABIOTIS MISCELLANEOUS PUBP03E3. 



There is a very large demand for lance staves in every military 

 country of the world. Straight, solid, gently tapering bamboos 

 are unrivalled for this purpose, but they are extremely difficult to 

 procure at present, and the German army is now adopting hollow 

 iron instead of wooden staves. 



Wooden combs are in universal use among natives, the woods 

 used being box, ebony, Stephegyne parvifolia, Adina cordifolia, 

 sissu, bamboos, several Gardenias, and several other species wiih 

 straight and uniform grain. 



Wooden hat pegs are to be found in almost every house fur- 

 nished according to European ideas. Any wood capable of being 

 turned and of taking a good polish is suitable for the purpose. 



Handles for chisels absorb a fairly large quantity of small tim- 

 ber. Terminalia tomentosa, khair, sissu and teak are very general- 

 ly used, the first two being the best. 



Anvil blocks and blocks on which butchers cut their meat require 



