BILL HOOKS. 



75 



For moving logs, Levers {Fig. 47). 



For dressing or rough-hewing 1 m • ■ - / c- aa\ 



J ° ° ° ) Trimming axes {Fig. 22). 



togs, ... ... ... J 



For converting logs, Saws {Figs. 34, 35, and 36). 



It will be most convenient to describe the various implements 

 ia the following order : — (1) bill-hooks, (2) axes of all kinds, (3) 

 saws, (4) other grubbing tools, (5) tools for directing the fall of 

 trees, and (6) other tools. 



AbTICLE 1. — BlLL-HOOKS. 



The most suitable forms of this tool are represented in Fia. 18.* 

 Bill-hooks are used principally for cutting down thin stems, which 



Fig. 18. 



BilUhoohs (\^th ori 



'■ size) 



cannot stand the shock of an ordinary axe, and for trimming off 

 small branches and preparing faggot wood. They require less 

 room to swing than axes, and are therefore more convenient to use 

 in dense young growth ; but in the exploitation of bamboo clumps 

 their short handle and long blade are not so suitable as light one- 

 hand axes to be described lovyer down. 



Aeticle 2. — Axes. 



All axes agree in consisting of a head, in the eye of which one 

 end of the handle or. haft is fixed. The portion of the head from 

 the cutting edge to the eye is called the blade, that on the opposite 

 side being the back of the axe. The head may be entirely of steel, 

 or of iron edged with steel (the more usual case, as steel is quite 

 unnecessary except at the edge). The temper of the edge must 

 be exactly suited to the hardness of the wood to be cut. If the 



* Information regarding "dahs" used in Burma and North-East India is 

 wanting and would be gratefully received. 



