WBDGES, 



91 



of what comes under this designation. As a certain considerable 

 amount of detailed measurement and calcufation are necessary to 

 get at this figure, a still simpler plan is pursued when a large quan- 

 tity of goods of a single fixed scantling is prepared : the work to be 

 paid for is ascertained in running feet. The simplest case of all 

 would of course occur when the sawing was paid for by the number 

 of pieces in each class of goods turned out. But none of these 

 methods of measuring up work gives the real amount of sawing 

 work done. 



Article 4. — Wedges. 



"Wedges may be made entirely of iron {Fig. 40), or of wood and 

 iron combined {Fi^. 41), or of wood alone (Fig. 42). 



Fig, 40. 



Fig. 41. 



Fig. 42. 



Iron wedge. 



ChUel-wedge. 



Wooden wedge. 



Iron wedges are unnecessarily heavy and costly, and are there- 

 fore seldom used. They require to be driven with heavy wooden 

 mallets. 



The' second class of wedges (^Fig. 41) is very much more service- 

 able ; perhaps the most serviceable of the three. It is on the 

 same principle as the ordinary Indian village chisel, the head, 

 corresponding to the handle of the chisel, being of some hard, 

 compact wood, strengthened with an iron ring round the crown. 

 Both this and the next class of wedges are driven with the back of 

 a heavy axe. 



Wedges of the third class (^Fig. 42) are shaped out of some hard 



